Windows Server 2003 : Advanced Backup and Restore (part 2) - Scheduling Backup Jobs, Shadow Copies of Shared Folders

6. Scheduling Backup Jobs

To schedule a backup job, create the job in the Backup Utility and then click Start Backup and configure advanced backup options. After all options have been configured, click Schedule and, in the Set Account Information dialog box, type the user name and password of the account to be used by the backup job.

Tip

Security best practices suggest that you create an account for each service rather than run services under the System account. Do not configure a service to run using a User account, such as your User account or the Administrator account. When the password changes on a User account, you must modify the password setting on all services that run under the context of that account. The account for the backup job should belong to the Backup Operators group.

In the Scheduled Job Options dialog box, enter a job name and click Properties. The Schedule Job dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 2. Configure the job date, time, and frequency. The Advanced button will let you configure additional schedule settings, including a date range for the job. The Settings tab of the Schedule Job dialog box allows you to refine the job—for example by specifying that the job should take place only if the machine has been idle for a period of time.

Figure 2. The Schedule Job dialog box

Once a job has been scheduled, you can edit the schedule by clicking the Schedule Jobs tab of the Backup Utility. Jobs are listed on a calendar. Click a job to open its schedule. Although you can also add a backup job by clicking Add Job on the Schedule Jobs tab, clicking Add Job will launch the backup wizard so that you can select the files to back up and some properties of the backup job. Most administrators find it more convenient to create a backup job on the Backup tab directly and then click Start Backup and Schedule, as described previously.

7. Shadow Copies of Shared Folders

Windows Server 2003 supports another way for administrators and users alike to recover quickly from damage to files and folders. Using VSS, Windows Server 2003 automatically caches copies of files as they are modified. If a user deletes, overwrites, or makes unwanted changes to a file, you can simply restore a previous version of the file. This is a valuable feature, but it is not intended to replace backups. Instead, it is designed to facilitate quick recovery from simple, day-to-day problems—not recovery from significant data loss.

Note

Shadow Copies feature is supported only on NTFS volumes, not FAT volumes.

Enabling and Configuring Shadow Copies

The Shadow Copies feature for shared folders is not enabled by default. To enable the feature, open the Properties dialog box of a drive volume from Windows Explorer or the Disk Management snap-in. On the Shadow Copies tab, as shown in Figure 3, select the volume and click Enable. Once Shadow Copies is enabled, all shared folders on the volume will be shadowed; specific shares on a volume cannot be selected. You can, however, manually initiate a shadow copy by clicking Create Now.

Figure 3. The Shadow Copies tab of a volume’s Properties dialog box

Caution

If you click Disable, you delete all copies that were created by VSS. Consider carefully whether you want to disable VSS for a volume or whether you might be better served by modifying the schedule to prevent new shadow copies from being made.

The default settings configure the server to make copies of shared folders at 7:00 A.M. and noon, Monday through Friday; and 10 percent of the drive space, on the same drive as the shared folder, is used to cache shadow copies.

Each of the following settings can be modified by clicking Settings on the Shadow Copies tab:

• Storage volume To enhance performance (not redundancy), you can move the shadow storage to another volume. This must be done when no shadow copies are present. If shadow copies exist and you want to change the storage volume, you must delete all shadow copies on the volume and then change the storage volume.

• Details The Details dialog box lists shadow copies that are stored and space utilization statistics.

• Storage limits This can be as low as 100 MB. When the shadow copy runs out of storage, it deletes older versions of files to make room for newer versions. The proper configuration of this setting depends on the total size of shared folders on a volume with shadowing enabled; the frequency with which files change, and the size of those files; and the number of previous versions you want to retain. In any event, a maximum of 63 previous versions will be stored for any one file before the earliest version is removed from the shadow storage.

• Schedule You can configure a schedule that reflects the work patterns of your users, ensuring that enough previous versions are available without prematurely filling the storage area and thereby forcing the removal of old versions. Remember that when a shadow copy is made, any files that have changed since the previous shadow copy are copied. If a file has been updated several times between shadow copies, those interim versions will not be available.

Using Shadow Copy

Shadow copies of shared folders allow you to access previous versions of files that the server has cached on the configured schedule. This will allow you to do the following:

• Recover files that were accidentally deleted

• Recover from accidentally overwriting a file

• Compare versions of files while working

To access previous versions, click the properties of a folder or file and click the Previous Versions tab, as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. The Previous Versions tab of a shared resource

The Previous Versions tab will not be available if Shadow Copies is not enabled on the server or if there are no previous versions stored on the server. It will also be unavailable if the Shadow Copy Client has not been installed on the client system. Windows Server 2003 has the Shadow Copy Client functionality installed by default. For Windows XP clients, the Shadow Copy Client software (named the Previous Versions Client) is located in the %Systemroot%\System32\Clients\Twclient\x86 folder of a Windows Server 2003 system. The Shadow Copy Client (.msi) file can be deployed using Group Policy, SMS, or an e-mail message. Finally, the Previous Versions tab is only available when accessing a file’s properties through a shared folder. If the file is stored on the local hard drive, you will not see the Previous Versions tab, even if the file is shared and VSS is enabled. See this lesson’s “Practice: Advanced Backup and Restore” section for an example of using Previous Versions.

You can then choose to Restore the file to its previous location or Copy the file to a specific location.

Tip

The Shadow Copy Client software can also be downloaded from Microsoft’s Web site. Information about using the Shadow Copy Client on other versions of Windows is also available on Microsoft’s Web site.

If a file has been deleted, you obviously cannot go to the file’s Properties dialog box to locate the Previous Versions tab. Instead, open the Properties of the parent folder, click the Previous Versions tab and locate a previous version of the folder that contains the file you want to recover. Click View, and a folder window will open, as shown in Figure 5, that displays the contents of the folder as of the time at which the shadow copy was made. Right-click the file and choose Copy, and then paste the file into the folder where you want the file to be re-created.

Figure 5. A folder’s Previous Versions content list

Shadow copy, as you can see, is a useful addition to the toolset for managing file servers and shared data. With VSS, you can preserve data sets at scheduled points in time. Administrators or users can then restore deleted or corrupted files, or compare files to previous versions. As the VSS cache fills, old versions are purged and new shadow copies are added.

If a user requires data to be restored and that data is no longer available through Previous Versions, you can restore the data from backup. If the server becomes corrupted, you must restore the data from backup. Although VSS enhances the manageability and resiliency of shared files, there is no substitute for a carefully planned and verified backup procedure.

Practice: Advanced Backup and Restore

In this practice, you will schedule a backup job, execute a backup from a command prompt, and configure and use Shadow Copies Of Shared Folders.

Exercise 1: Scheduling a Backup Job

1.	Log on to Server01 as Administrator.
2.	Open the Backup Utility, and click the Backup tab.
3.	From the Job menu, load the Finance Backup.bks selections.
4.	Configure the Backup Media Or File Name: C:\Backup-Everyday.bkf.
5.	Click Start Backup.
6.	Click Advanced, and configure an Incremental backup type. Click OK.
7.	Click Schedule.
8.	In the Set Account Information dialog box, type your password and click OK.
9.	Name the job Daily Incremental Backup.
10.	Click Properties. Configure the job to run daily. Configure the time to be two minutes from the current time so that you can see the results of the job.
11.	Click OK. You will be prompted to enter your password again.
12.	Close the open dialog boxes, and close the Backup Utility.
13.	Open the C:\ drive in Windows Explorer, and wait two minutes. You will see the backup job (Backup-Everyday.bkf) appear.
14.	Open the Backup Utility, choose the Report command from the Tools menu and view the most recent backup log to confirm the status of the backup job. The number of files copied might be zero if you have not made changes to any of the files.
15.	If the job did not run properly, open Event Viewer from the Administrative Tools folder. Examine the Application Log to identify the cause of the failure.

Exercise 2: Running a Backup from a Command Prompt

One of the easier ways to determine the correct switches to use for a command prompt backup is to schedule a backup, as you did in Exercise 1, and then examine the command that the scheduled task creates.

1.	Open the Backup Utility, and click the Schedule Jobs tab.
2.	Click the icon, in the calendar, representing the scheduled job.
3.	Click Properties.
4.	Select the command in the Run box, and press CTRL+C to copy it.
5.	Click Cancel to exit the Schedule Job dialog box and close the Backup Utility.
6.	Open a command prompt window.
7.	Click the window menu (the icon of the command prompt in the upper-left corner of the command prompt window) and, from the Edit menu, choose Paste. The Ntbackup command with all of its switches is pasted into the command prompt. Press ENTER. The backup job is executed.

Exercise 3: Enabling Shadow Copies

1.	Ensure that the C:\Data folder is shared and that the share permissions are configured to allow Everyone Full Control.
2.	Open My Computer.
3.	Right-click the C drive, and choose Properties.
4.	Click the Shadow Copies tab.
5.	Select the C volume, and click Enable.
6.	A message will appear. Click Yes to continue.

Exercise 4: Simulating Changes to Network Files

1.	Open the C:\Data\Finance folder, and open Current.txt. Modify the file’s contents, and then save and close the file.
2.	Delete the file C:\Data\Finance\Projections.txt.

Exercise 5: Recovering Files Using Previous Versions

1.	Open the data share by clicking Start, choosing Run, and typing \\server01\data. Note It is critical that you open the folder using its UNC, not its local path. The Previous Versions tab is available only when connected to a shared folder over the network.
2.	Open the Finance folder.
3.	Right-click the Current.txt file, and choose Properties.
4.	Select the Previous Versions tab.
5.	Select the previous version of Current.txt.
6.	Click Copy, select the Desktop as the destination, and then click Copy again.
7.	Click OK to close the Properties dialog box.
8.	Open Current.txt from your desktop. You will see that it is the version without the changes you made in Exercise 4.
9.	Return to \\Server01\Data. This time, do not open the Finance folder.
10.	To recover the deleted Projections.txt file, right-click the Finance folder and click Properties.
11.	Select the Previous Versions tab.
12.	Select the previous version of the Finance folder, and click View. A window opens showing the contents of the folder as of the time that the shadow copy was made.
13.	Right-click the Projections.txt file, and choose Copy.
14.	Switch to the folder that shows you the current \\server01\data folder.
15.	Open the Finance folder.
16.	Paste the Projections.txt file into the folder. You have now restored the previous version of Projections.txt.